Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging has emerged as a promising tool in gastrointestinal cancer surgery. NIRF helps identify lymph nodes, improve the yield of lymph nodes dissection, and assist in the cancer detection, thereby improving the radicality of surgery and patient outcomes. Lymphatic navigation through NIRF imaging modalities has become an essential component of precision oncology strategies for gastrointestinal cancer. This chapter synthesizes recent advancements in NIRF imaging applications for gastrointestinal oncology, aiming to propel the clinical translation and technological innovation of NIRF in gastrointestinal surgical oncology.