Global warming is becoming an even greater challenge for sugarcane, a key raw material for producing sugar and ethanol. To ensure sustainable production, it is essential to develop climate-resistant cultivars. This chapter highlights the importance of using sugarcane germplasm to breed cultivars resilient to various climatic conditions. It explains the value of germplasm diversity and its role as the genetic foundation for breeding program. Various germplasm assessment techniques, including phenotypic and molecular techniques, are discussed. This chapter also covers the application of genomic technologies to identify genes and alleles linked to climate resilience. Different breeding strategies, such as conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, and genetic engineering, are explored for developing climate-resilient varieties. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of how sugarcane germplasm can be utilized to breed sustainable, climate-resilient cultivars in the face of climate change.