Enzymes related to energy metabolism are important targets for the design of new drugs in a wide range of diseases, as they are related to energy production and the redox metabolism of organisms. Among these enzymes, the complex corresponding to succinate dehydrogenase stands out, which is present in the citric acid cycle and the respiratory electron transfer chain. In the study of diseases that affect humans, it is suggested that the enzyme also differs from other mitochondrial dehydrogenases, thanks to its exclusive redox properties. Furthermore, neglected diseases are a group of illnesses that predominantly affect populations in low-income countries and their main transmitters are parasites, susceptible to energy imbalance. From this perspective, the present work aims to evaluate the complex II enzyme succinate dehydrogenase as an important therapeutic target for neglected diseases. A literature review was carried out through a search in the “Web of Sciences” database, in which the results demonstrate that trypanosomiases were the diseases with the highest occurrence in articles (33), being justified by the high prevalence of this disease in the world, the second most common disease was schistosomiasis, followed by Leishmaniasis. Therefore, it can be concluded that succinate dehydrogenase is an important target for the design of new drugs for neglected diseases.