Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) is a one-month religious practice observed by Muslims worldwide, characterized by abstinence from drinks and food from dawn to sunset. Beyond its spiritual significance, RIF has gained attention for its potential health benefits, including its impact on the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal (GI) health. RIF induces a shift in the gut microbial composition, promoting the production of gut metabolites and aligning the microbial rhythmicity. Additionally, RIF modulates the microbial metabolic pathways, leading to enhanced production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other gut metabolites. These metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining gut integrity, regulating immune responses, and providing an energy source for colonocytes. RIF contributes to enhanced microbial diversity and SCFA production, as well as improved gut hormones and other biomarkers, which have been associated with reduced inflammation, strengthened gut barrier function, and regulation of appetite and metabolism. Furthermore, RIF may mitigate the risk of gastrointestinal disorders, including peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Longitudinal studies assessing the long-term effects of RIF on microbial composition and its clinical implications are warranted. In conclusion, RIF appears to shape the gut microbiota in a manner conducive to gastrointestinal health. The modulation of microbial composition and metabolism during fasting holds promise for the prevention and management of GI disorders, highlighting the importance of integrating dietary practices with microbial therapeutics for promoting overall well-being.