This introductory chapter briefly describes the basic equipment required to examine any patient who presents with an otorhinolaryngological emergency. This chapter also highlights essential instruments that are required to perform a complete ENT examination. There are several illustrations of the described equipment and instruments required. Rigid and flexible endoscopes which are an essential part of diagnostic endoscopy of the ear, nose, and throat are described and illustrated. The need for special trays with specific instruments, e.g., nasal packing tray and tracheostomy tray, is highlighted and a description of these trays is given in the appropriate chapters later. Methods of disinfection and sterilization of instruments is also described. Universal precautions, which should be followed during examination of patients or when performing invasive procedures, are described.