Home to the highest peak on the planet, the Himalayas are nature’s gift to the mankind. The snow-clad mountain ranges, variable climates, rich vegetation, flowing rivulets, and gurgling waterfalls mesmerize the visitors with charm and tranquility. An amazing feature of high Himalayas is the presence of alpine grasslands with highly nutritious grasses that serve as a boon to the hilly domestic small ruminants during summer months. For centuries, migratory pastoralism has been going on in the Himalayas in search of animal feed, fodder, and other purposes. In the annual migratory cycle, the animals move to the alpine pastures during summer, stay there for 4–5 months, and return to the plains with the onset of winter to spend about 5–6 months in the foothills or plains. Millions of sheep and goats participate in this annual movement especially from the north-western states of India including union territories (UTs) of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh and the states of Himachal Pradesh (HP) and Uttarakhand (UK). In fact, the seasonal animal migration has become a lifeline for the poor and marginal tribal farmers of these areas. Which communities constitute the pastoralists and which small ruminants do they rear? What is the purpose of animal migration? Is it a necessity or just an age-old social habit? This chapter presents the unique features of the prevailing animal farming system in the hills, place of small ruminants in hill farming, small ruminants genetic resources, breeding policies and a brief overview of the history of pastoralism, hardy shepherds and their life, the scarcity of animal feed, the grazing rights and the Forest acts, and lastly, the future prospects of this farming system. Is it going to stay or would it dwindle with time?