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This study assesses the health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure in Upper Northern Thailand over a five-year period (2019–2023), focusing on seasonal variations and their impact on different age groups and regions. Data collected from nine provinces by the Pollution Control Department (PCD) reveals a significant increase in PM2.5 concentrations during the annual biomass burning season, with levels more than doubling compared to non-haze periods. The highest monthly average PM2.5 concentration was recorded in Chiang Rai over the five years (45.14 ± 65.64 µg/m3, while Lampang had the lowest (29.26 ± 25.29 µg/m)3. The health risk assessment, conducted using the Hazard Quotient (HQ), indicates that children aged 2 to under 3 years are particularly vulnerable, with HQ values frequently exceeding the safety threshold of 1.0. Chiang Rai exhibited the highest average HQ value of 2.23, while Lampang had the lowest at 1.90, both indicating significant health risks. The study also identifies strong correlations in PM2.5 levels across provinces, particularly in mountainous areas where pollutants are trapped, leading to prolonged exposure. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, especially during the haze season, to mitigate the long-term impacts of PM2.5 on vulnerable populations.

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Temporal Variations Health Risk Assessment Exposure of PM2.5 in Upper Northern Thailand over 5 Years Period (2019–2023)

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Wan Wiriya,
  • Nadiya Mir,
  • Pavidarin Karisitnitikul,
  • Nattahanit Kantarawilawan,
  • Sasipat Deemak,
  • Somporn Chantara

摘要

This study assesses the health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure in Upper Northern Thailand over a five-year period (2019–2023), focusing on seasonal variations and their impact on different age groups and regions. Data collected from nine provinces by the Pollution Control Department (PCD) reveals a significant increase in PM2.5 concentrations during the annual biomass burning season, with levels more than doubling compared to non-haze periods. The highest monthly average PM2.5 concentration was recorded in Chiang Rai over the five years (45.14 ± 65.64 µg/m3, while Lampang had the lowest (29.26 ± 25.29 µg/m)3. The health risk assessment, conducted using the Hazard Quotient (HQ), indicates that children aged 2 to under 3 years are particularly vulnerable, with HQ values frequently exceeding the safety threshold of 1.0. Chiang Rai exhibited the highest average HQ value of 2.23, while Lampang had the lowest at 1.90, both indicating significant health risks. The study also identifies strong correlations in PM2.5 levels across provinces, particularly in mountainous areas where pollutants are trapped, leading to prolonged exposure. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, especially during the haze season, to mitigate the long-term impacts of PM2.5 on vulnerable populations.