Intraocular microsurgery requires surgical skills at the limits of human physiological capability. These minimally invasive procedures require staggering accuracy, precision, and steadiness that typical humans are not able to achieve. Combined with advanced imaging, robotics has become a promising strategy for advancing the field of intraocular microsurgery. Artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, is gradually advancing the practice of surgery with tremendous achievements in imaging, environment perception and understanding, navigation, and robotic assistance. Machine learning applied to intraocular robotic microsurgery is a relatively recent phenomenon that has the potential to revolutionize eye care by combining human strengths with computer and sensor-based technology, in an information-driven environment. Robotic microsurgery, augmented by artificial intelligence, has the potential to enhance a microsurgeon’s physical capabilities to superhuman levels, by increasing the precision, safety, efficacy, and efficiency of the surgical tasks and procedures being performed. In this chapter, we analyze present advancements in intraocular robotic microsurgery and the emergence of artificial intelligence applications as an inevitable new strategy for expanding retinal microsurgical techniques into domains that have heretofore been inaccessible frontiers for unassisted human surgeons.