In this chapter introducing AI surgery, the close relationship between medicine and technology is explored, along with the evolution of medical information and the integration of artificial intelligence with peripheral technologies such as IT, IoT, and robotics. Patient-derived biometrics play a critical role in surgical decision-making, highlighting the need for seamless intraoperative information exchange in the future. As a result, research and development efforts for smart cyber ORs and related technologies are ongoing, driving the accumulation of valuable data. In addition, the advancement of innovative technologies, including AI surgery, follows three types of approaches: needs-driven, seed-driven, and concept-driven. The development of novel medical devices requires synergies between emerging technologies and medical expertise, shaping the landscape for the next generation of surgical procedures. The emergence of transformative technologies such as AI and VR, along with the concept of smart therapy devices, will have a profound impact on the trajectory of AI surgery in the future.