Elicitors in Plant Biology: Types and Defense Mechanisms
摘要
The management of diseases predominantly depends on the utilization of insecticides, bactericides, and fungicides, which are chemical compounds that exhibit toxicity toward plant pathogens, vectors, or causative agents associated with plant diseases. Nonetheless, the detrimental impacts of such chemical substances or the products of their degradation on the ecosystem and human health highlight the critical need for the exploration of novel, nonharmful methods of disease control. It is crucial to acknowledge the presence of induced resistance to a natural phenomenon that functions to safeguard plants against diseases. Elicitors are substances that stimulate the activation of chemical defenses within plants. In treated plants, diverse biosynthetic pathways are activated contingent upon the specific compound utilized. Chemical elicitors that are often studied encompass benzothiadiazole, chitosan, benzoic acid, methyl salicylate, salicylic acid, and various factors that affect the synthesis of phenolic compounds, as well as the activation of various enzymes associated with plant defense mechanisms. The incorporation of these elicitors into farming practices has the potential to reduce the dependency on chemical control methods, thereby facilitating the advancement of sustainable agriculture.