This chapter delves into the potential futures of quality assurance in Vietnam’s higher education system, presenting two scenarios: a core, conservative approach and a more open alternative. In a rapidly evolving world, the chapter examines these futures in light of trends such as Vietnam’s aging population, increasing gross enrollment rates, educational funding, and the political climate. The conservative scenario suggests a cautious approach by the Ministry of Education and Training, maintaining limited academic autonomy for higher education institutions due to reserved leadership and structural constraints. Initiatives like multidisciplinary programs and blended learning will progress slowly under strict regulation. Conversely, the open scenario envisions systemic challenges being tackled by new leadership advocating performance-driven reforms. This scenario includes decentralization, increased transparency, and institutional autonomy, aiming to enhance competitiveness and trust within the system. Both scenarios highlight the importance of addressing policy debates on self-accreditation, the independence of quality assurance, and the quality of accreditation centers. Navigating these issues will be crucial for the credibility and sustainability of Vietnam’s higher education quality assurance system.