Textile has been part of human civilisation and culture since its inception and various cultural and geographical regions have had their methods and techniques of textile manufacturing. The textile methods and techniques in India have developed over time and have long historical and cultural importance. These techniques have been refined and optimised over time. The aim of this chapter is to explore the evolution and engineering advancements in traditional textiles and have an overview of the impact of these changes on stockholders. The first section of this chapter delves into traditional yarn manufacturing, focusing on hand-spinning techniques and the mechanics of the Indian spinning wheel (Charkha). This is followed by an in-depth review of traditional weaving, covering the various types of handlooms and their operational principles, as well as the materials and techniques employed in handloom weaving. The subsequent chapter examines recent innovations in handloom technology, highlighting their role in enhancing efficiency while preserving heritage. The next section explores India’s natural dyeing and printing crafts, emphasising sustainable and traditional processes. Additionally, the chapter hand embroidery, showcasing the precision and skill involved in this intricate art form. The final section highlights the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in traditional textiles. It discusses AI-based applications that enhance design, improve weaving methods, and support sustainable practices.