Nanomaterials are described as “one of the most significant strategic high technology materials in the twenty-first century.” They are classified as materials composed of unique nanostructural units or materials with at least one dimension in the nanometer scale of the three-dimensional space size (1–100 nm). Because of their unique structure and thermodynamically unstable state, traditional materials lack many physical and chemical capabilities, including strong adsorption and high chemical activity, unique catalysis, special optical and electromagnetic properties, and hydrogen storage properties. However, the unique properties of nanomaterials include the macroscopic quantum tunnel effect, surface effect, quantum size impact, and small size effect. Thus, it has numerous applications in the sectors of medicine, manufacturing, materials, communication, biology, the environment, and food, among others. With the development and advancement of the application sector, the toxicity and safety of nanomaterials have become more serious in the past few years.