N-butanol and butanone, due to their high oxygen content, contribute to the reduction of engine particulate emissions and exhibit potential for efficient and clean combustion in dual-fuel modes. This study experimentally evaluated the combustion performance of n-butanol/diesel and butanone/diesel blends using an electronically controlled high-pressure common rail diesel engine fueled with B5B, But-one5B, as well as a dual-fuel mode utilizing B5D and But-one5D. The results indicate that as Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) increases, the CA50 timing is delayed while both cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate significantly rise. The peak cylinder pressure follows this order: B5B > But-one5B > But-one5D > B5D. However, under medium to high load conditions, the dual-fuel mode demonstrates less favorable emission characteristics. Compared to D100, the n-butanol/diesel and butanone/diesel blends show inferior economic performance. Implementing an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) strategy leads to a notable decrease in both cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate; however, soot emissions gradually increase while hydrocarbon (HC) emissions initially decrease before rising again. Nonetheless, this approach effectively mitigates NOx emissions. It should be noted that fuel economy deteriorated to varying degrees across different configurations.