With the current climate change and population growth, agricultural practices from the developed green revolution are becoming unsustainable. As a result, creative methods are urgently needed to meet the growing global need for food. The new scientific discipline of nanoscience and technology has transformed numerous fields. Nanoparticles are more suitable for utilization than their bulk counterparts due to their unique characteristics and larger surface-to-volume fractions. This technology has enormous potential in areas such as nanosensors and nanofertilizers. In order to boost agricultural productivity and guarantee that plants receive the proper amount of nutrients, nanosensors are used to detect pests, diseases, soil pH, humidity, and nutrients in plants and soil. Nanosensors assist in safeguarding crops from outside influences and identify negative impacts on soil and water quality as well as environmental pollutants. These provide information about changes in the environment by using dynamic shifts in the behavior of molecules at the nanoscale as a signal. Here, we looked at how nanotechnology might help plants fight off environmental and biological stress. We describe the use of nanosensors and how they can be used to detect contaminants, moisture, pH, soil quality, and other chemicals.