Although vitamin D is well known for its critical role in calcium and phosphorous metabolism and maintaining bone health, recent research has revealed its broader physiological functions, with vitamin D receptors found in nearly every cell of the body. This chapter explores emerging trends in the extraskeletal roles of vitamin D, focusing on its impact on respiratory disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative and immune disorders, malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the chapter delves into innovative drug delivery systems for vitamin D supplementation. While much of this research is still in its early stages, the promising results are driving further studies and have the potential to translate into real-world therapeutic applications for various chronic diseases.