To compare the effects of music and meditation on brainwave patterns and attention, this study designed a series of EEG-based experiments. Participants were instructed to either listen to music or engage in meditation, while their attention levels were assessed using a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) paradigm to validate brainwave differences under varying attentional states. EEG data were collected to analyze changes in attention during exposure to different types of music. Subsequently, mathematical computations were applied to quantify and summarize the pre- and post-intervention differences. The experimental results revealed significant differences in the impact of various music genres on attention. Listening to classical music effectively enhanced attention, whereas listening to popular music demonstrated a notable effect on emotional relaxation. Deep meditation yielded the greatest improvement in concentration, and its brainwave patterns closely resembled those observed when listening to classical music. An analysis of Arousal and Valence metrics indicated that meditation led to positive emotional changes. These findings suggest that both music and meditation can influence attention and emotional states .