This research paper presents an in-depth investigation into the application of laser interferometry for the precise measurement of refractive indices in diverse materials. Leveraging the principles of interference, the study focuses on developing a robust methodology that offers accurate and reliable refractive index data. The experimental setup employs laser interference techniques, specifically utilizing a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, to achieve high-resolution measurements. The interference patterns obtained, comprising alternating bright and dark fringes, are analysed to determine the refractive index of the material under investigation. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding of laser interferometry as a powerful tool for refractive index characterization, offering valuable insights for both theoretical developments and practical applications.