With the rapid increase in the use of shield tunneling for subway projects, various structural issues related to shield tunnels have also emerged significantly in recent years. These issues include tunnel leakage, misalignment, cracking, crush or damage of tunnel segments, and overall tunnel deformations. Some of these issues have already affected the normal functioning of shield tunnels, leading to secondary problems that hinder normal operations, and in severe cases, compromise the structural safety and reliability of the tunnels. The primary reasons for these problems often lie in the insufficient understanding of the load-bearing properties of shield tunnel structures by those involved in construction. The limited experience and sometimes overly aggressive construction practices lead to inherent weaknesses in the tunnel’s construction. In some cases, construction or engineering activities near existing subway lines exacerbate existing tunnel issues or introduce new structural challenges. Additionally, a lack of high-quality maintenance and repair efforts further accelerate the deterioration of these tunnels.