The faster development of nanotechnology has changed the world significantly and the way we live and act together. Particularly wireless sensor networks and devices which are interconnected are the core of the modern era, both are embedded with all the devices like smartphones, smart watches, and tablets to all Bluetooth devices. Authors in this paper explore most of the part of wireless sensor network communication, and emphasize on the application and security challenges that are faced by the WSNs. Reliable and seamless communication using WSNs requires aspects like confidentiality, authentication, accessibility, and data integrity that will ensure the secure flow of information. However, wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to various types of cyber-attacks, posing risk to safely transferring the information. In this paper, authors mainly address the issues related to security within wireless sensor networks, identifying the potential threats and explores the countermeasures to extend the safety of wireless sensor networks. Additionally, authors highlight the significance of secure wireless sensor networks emerging technologies such as cloud and edge computing, which are gradually dependent on these types of networks for functioning. By exploring the issues related to security challenges and their solutions this paper highlights the nature of attacks on wireless sensor networks and strategy which is effective and protective, and offers a basis for secure, future ready communication applications.