Personal Protective Equipment in Cricket: The Past, Present and Future
摘要
Weighing 150 g, with significant rigidity and travelling at high speeds, the cricket ball carries significant traumatic potential to an individual. The risk of being struck by a ball during a game of cricket is high, particularly when batting, wicketkeeping or fielding close to the bat. With balls travelling in excess of 80 mph, cricket ball strikes can result in forces of up to 600 g, with a significant resultant risk of injury occurring. These range from minor injuries such as bruises or contusions to severe and potentially fatal traumatic injuries, most notably skull fractures and brain injuries. As such, throughout the history of cricket, a range of personal protective equipment (PPE) has been developed to ensure the safety of players and prevent injury. From rudimentary leg pads to bespoke 3D-printed helmet inners, PPE is an ever-evolving area of cricket that prioritises the safety of players. Most items of cricket PPE are now covered by British Standards, which ensure that the products are safe and fit for purpose. Different items of PPE are now mandated across different levels of cricket. A number of these PPE items are now considered essential and have been proven to decrease the risk and severity of injuries seen. The development, and regulation, of modern helmets, grilles and neck protectors has reduced the number of face and head injuries. In recent years, there have been several innovations in cricket that aim to ensure player adherence and comfort, maximise the protection provided and minimise any resultant performance decrements. However, there are items of PPE, including groin protectors, where further work is required to ensure their quality and protective effect and potential areas where mandating existing items could help prevent serious injuries. A significant consequence of a ball strike to the chest causing the heart to stop (commotio cordis) has been reported rarely in recreational cricket, and at this time, PPE has, has yet, to be actively pursued.