The aviation industry is confronted with significant challenges due to fatigue-related issues, which is responsible for 55% of aircraft component failures, highlighting the need for robust structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. It underscores the importance of SHM predicting fatigue life, which is crucial given the complex and unpredictable in-flight conditions. The article discusses the development of SHM systems, from their initial use with piezoelectric sensors for defect detection to the integration of advanced Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors for dynamic and static measurements. These systems provide real-time data on flight parameters and structural deformation, enabling the prediction of fatigue life through statistical models like the Weibull distribution. The application of finite element analysis in fatigue analysis is also introduced with obvious computing power requirements. The integration of SHM systems with finite element modeling allows for highly accurate, real-time fatigue life predictions, which are essential for predictive maintenance and extending the service life of aircraft. This research delves into the evolution and application of SHM systems in the context of fatigue analysis for aircraft, and concludes by emphasizing the potential of SHM systems to offer theoretical foundations for future aircraft development, operation, and maintenance, thereby improving aviation safety and operational efficiency.