Neurodegenerative disorders are a complex set of diseases defined by the gradual deterioration of neurones, which frequently results in abnormalities of cognition, motor function, and behaviour. Understanding the fundamental processes that underlie the aetiology of these illnesses is essential to creating successful treatment plans. An overview of the state of research on proteostasis and its function in neurodegenerative diseases will be given in this book chapter, with a focus on the most recent developments, new treatments, and issues that still require attention. The function of proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases is to maintain a balanced and functional proteome, which is a critical cellular process that is often disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter will discuss the key pathways associated with proteostasis, such as trafficking, folding, synthesis, and degradation of proteins, and how their dysregulation contributes to the misfolded protein accumulation and the subsequent neuronal dysfunction and death. Additionally, the chapter will delve into the emerging role of non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs, in the regulation of proteostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.