This chapter examines the contemporary revision of official narratives around what has been termed the “Mongolian People’s Revolution” of 1921 and the subsequent establishment of Communist rule in the country. It examines the activities of Baron Ungern’s troops, who expelled Xú Shùzhēng from the Niislel Khureen, and deconstructs 20th-century Soviet accounts of the role of the Soviet Red Army and the People’s Party of Mongolia in this process. These narratives created a transformative, ideological shift among Mongolian populations, disseminating Soviet Russian ideology in order to gain their active participation in the anti-imperialist movements that were emerging, in an Asian context. Information is derived from a variety of archival sources in several languages and scripts, and from perspectives heretofore unheard from, including Mongolian voices. By making this comparison, the facts of Mongolia’s transition, at a key moment in its modern history, can be evaluated, setting the record straight in terms of the role of foreign influence in the written history of modern Mongolia. Further, this paper is framed within and adds further evidence to the ongoing historiographical debates regarding interpretations of these events.