This study examines the Soviet Communist Party and the Comintern’s leftist policies toward Mongolia, particularly during the late 1920s. The Soviet leadership sought to exert influence over Mongolian political developments by promoting “rural leftists” and training Mongolian officials at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East. When Mongolian leaders, including Ts. Dambadorj, resisted Comintern directives that did not align with Mongolia’s national conditions, the Soviet Politburo intervened directly, removing opposition figures and replacing them with more compliant officials. The 7th Congress of the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP), orchestrated by the Comintern, denounced national democratic ideals and redefined Mongolia’s political trajectory toward socialism. The subsequent policies, including property confiscation, campaigns against monasteries, and political purges, were implemented under Soviet guidance. However, these radical measures led to widespread discontent and rebellion, culminating in uprisings such as those in Ulaangom and Tugsbuyant monasteries. The Soviet-backed government responded with repression, further alienating the Mongolian population and undermining its own legitimacy.