Intraoperative monitoring with electroencephalography (EEG) has become a valuable method for guiding anaesthetic management, understanding drug effects, and enhancing patient care. EEG monitoring allows for real-time analysis of neuronal signals in the patient’s brain, producing waveform patterns that can be read and understood by a trained clinician. This chapter examines specific features of intraoperative EEG monitoring that are beneficial for precise drug titration and have been shown to improve patient outcomes. These benefits include preventing intraoperative awareness, optimising analgesia, and reducing post-operative delirium. EEG relays information that assists with delivering both hypnotic and analgesic drugs; ideally, the anaesthetic provider can use this information to provide individualised care and optimise efficacy and patient safety.