Intraoperative monitoring plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and improving postoperative outcomes. Universal monitoring standards during surgery and anaesthesia tipically focus on core parameters such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and temperature regulation. Despite the significant impact of surgery and anaesthesia on the brain, central nervous system monitoring is not yet standard in clinical practice. Deployment of brain monitoring in the perioperative period has the potential to be protective against several adverse outcomes including perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Integration of brain monitoring in a multimodal approach considering also other physiological systems is feasible to be applied during the perioperative period and can improve patients’ outcomes. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of integrated, multimodal monitoring strategies and their potential to enhance postoperative outcomes.