Vegetation rehabilitation is the key for recovering the ecological resilience of degraded rangelands, yet an important knowledge gap remains in understanding the comparative effectiveness of measures between grazing control and ecological engineering. Taking Qinghai Province of China as a case study, the chapter tries to narrow the gap by exploring the comparative efficiency of two vegetation rehabilitation programs, i.e., the Rangeland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward (REPSR) scheme, which focuses on grazing intensity management, and the Return Grazing Land to Rangeland (RGLR) project, which combines ecological engineering measures. Spatial panel modelling results confirm that both programs promoted the desired vegetation rehabilitation, while the marginal return of the REPSR was larger than that of the RGLR. Differential levels of negative spatial spillover problem in terms of grazing pressure shift are revealed in sub-regions. To improve the investment effectiveness and address the spatial spillover problem, locally adapted and spatially holistic intervention measures and a flexible compensation scheme are suggested.