This chapter theoretically advances the analytical framework of how environmental politics affects tropical rural resilience, which is further applied in the scenario of Brazil. The empirical analysis of Brazil unequivocally underpins that the development of environmental politics effectively strengthens the compatible interrelationship between ecology and the social economy. Through the discourse of ecological modernisation as an advanced environmental political theory and an approach to understand environmental politics, the chapter critically analyses the embeddedness of the elements of the theory in Brazil’s tropical rural resilience, which include modern science and technology, ecological economisation or economy ecologisation, ecological politicisation and societal power. The tropical rural resilience is explained through the elements defined as tropical capacity building, tropical embeddedness, agroecosystems, tropical-social integrated systems and tropical-economic integrated systems. This research found out that Brazil is competent in employing science and technology, ecological politicisation and societal power in improving tropical rural resilience. There is also an established integrated system between tropical rural resilience and ecological economisation, which is, however, incipient and competing with policies developed in traditional economic sectors such as agriculture. Overall, the process of mainstreaming environmental politics in Brazil helps the rural areas to gain resilience. The simultaneous development of green policy and development policy is together contributing to Brazil’s rural resilience.