Innovations in Payment Systems
摘要
The payments industry faces challenges with the relentless pace of innovation, particularly the rise of self-sufficient platforms with walled garden capabilities. Central banks, key operators of wholesale payments, are exploring responses to these siloed structures, including the development of instant payment systems and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Successful retail card schemes are approaching full digitalization, while non-card options also seek a foothold. Global financial institutions, like the BIS, are experimenting with cross-border payment technologies, signaling rapid shifts in financial infrastructure. The concept of Weaponized Interdependence highlights how dominant financial networks can serve as tools of power, with countries like the US holding significant influence. If nations develop isolated payment systems, this could lead to inefficiency and potentially undermine globalization. Therefore, the MENA region must establish sustainable, interoperable payment systems. This chapter explores various options, advocating for financial inclusion and cooperation to integrate the region more effectively into the global economy.