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In compliance with the Paris Agreement on climate change, all parties - including developing countries - determine and plan their national contribution to the international effort aiming to reduce global warming and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Every undersigned country submits its own Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) outlining its target to reduce national emissions and actions planned to adapt to the impact of climate change. Almost all developing countries declared their commitment to contribute to this international effort. Most developing countries, however, are witnessing rapid rate of construction to accommodate their increasingly growing population. The construction sector is a major contributor to global warming and emission of GHG, and it is also one of the main consumers of material resources. Normal construction processes and operation of buildings require enormous resources and are associated with huge amount of embodied and operational energy. Resourcing these requirements not only could have adverse impacts on different environmental aspects, but also will impair the ability of these countries to meet their international commitments to combat global warming and restrain the emissions of GHG. Moving towards net zero energy buildings (NZEB) might offer a reasonable solution to compromise between these conflicting challenges. However, adopting NZEB comes with different challenges, which could be prohibitive for building stakeholders in developing countries. A more practical approach for these countries could be the nearly-zero energy buildings (nZEB). This paper aims to address the conflicting challenges facing developing countries with fast growing populations in meeting their international commitments and to appraise NZEB strategy to check its suitability for developing countries. It has been concluded that while NZEB provide a compromising solution to the aforementioned conflicting challenges facing developing countries, some of the approaches and strategies are either impractical or associated with increased construction cost. The latter is of particular significance in developing countries.

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Nearly Net Zero Buildings - A Solution for Conflicting Challenges in Developing Countries

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Atef Badr,
  • Abdullah Ahmed Umar

摘要

In compliance with the Paris Agreement on climate change, all parties - including developing countries - determine and plan their national contribution to the international effort aiming to reduce global warming and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Every undersigned country submits its own Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) outlining its target to reduce national emissions and actions planned to adapt to the impact of climate change. Almost all developing countries declared their commitment to contribute to this international effort. Most developing countries, however, are witnessing rapid rate of construction to accommodate their increasingly growing population. The construction sector is a major contributor to global warming and emission of GHG, and it is also one of the main consumers of material resources. Normal construction processes and operation of buildings require enormous resources and are associated with huge amount of embodied and operational energy. Resourcing these requirements not only could have adverse impacts on different environmental aspects, but also will impair the ability of these countries to meet their international commitments to combat global warming and restrain the emissions of GHG. Moving towards net zero energy buildings (NZEB) might offer a reasonable solution to compromise between these conflicting challenges. However, adopting NZEB comes with different challenges, which could be prohibitive for building stakeholders in developing countries. A more practical approach for these countries could be the nearly-zero energy buildings (nZEB). This paper aims to address the conflicting challenges facing developing countries with fast growing populations in meeting their international commitments and to appraise NZEB strategy to check its suitability for developing countries. It has been concluded that while NZEB provide a compromising solution to the aforementioned conflicting challenges facing developing countries, some of the approaches and strategies are either impractical or associated with increased construction cost. The latter is of particular significance in developing countries.