In school education, it is crucial that students learn and apply a variety of problem-solving strategies that will contribute to their future success, as these skills are essential in both educational and everyday settings. In addition, education is to prepare young people for the challenges of the labor market, where employers expect autonomy and effective problem-solving skills. Today, the rapid development of digital technologies means that problem-solving skills also include the use of computers and smart devices, which have become an integral part of modern workplaces and lifestyles. The aim of this paper is to explore the parallels and similarities between mathematical and computational problem-solving skills. In these two domains, learners need similar cognitive strategies, including logical thinking, step-by-step analysis, and systems approaches. These skills are essential for solving both mathematical and programming problems and their development is therefore an interdisciplinary task in education. The development of algebraic thinking and computational thinking is spreading in education, as a skill that helps students to problem-solve. The relationship between these thinking skills and the general problem-solving process is also part of this research and their components.