Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are frequently associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), encompassing various types such as central sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoventilation, and obstructive sleep apnea. SDB is often observed in the progression of NMD before the manifestation of daytime breathing symptoms. Although the pathogenesis of SDB in NMD is not fully understood, factors related to NMD and anatomical considerations such as obesity and micrognathia are believed to play a role. Although polysomnography with evaluation of SDB is recommended for diagnosis, there are limited facilities where polysomnography can be performed and it may be difficult due to the patient’s condition; therefore, alternative testing methods are needed. Treatment is often conducted in the same manner as for SDB; however, depending on the case, ventilatory support may be required or tracheostomy may be considered. This chapter provides an overview of NMD and SDB, focusing on adult patients with major NMDs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myotonic dystrophy, and multiple system atrophy.