The clean and just energy transition (CJET) poses a huge challenge globally and, if not managed properly, it may adversely affect many developing economies. This study critically reviews the present situation and prospects of India’s quest for a CJET. It compares various forms of clean energy currently being promoted in the country through a comprehensive analysis of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. It is observed that India is working in multifarious directions to enhance its non-fossil fuel energy and presently ranks fourth in the world in terms of renewable energy production. However, the country may face multiple financial, technological and socio-economic challenges during its clean energy transition from about 44% at present to the target (about 80%) by 2070. With pan India implementation of policies, application of technologies and strict monitoring, the clean energy targets seem achievable. However, in terms of energy justice, the progress may be sluggish and will require additional efforts towards providing clean and affordable energy to all and creating alternatives for the lost businesses and employment in the traditional energy sectors. India can seize the opportunity in meeting its CJET goals, even before 2070, by building just energy transition partnerships to augment its technological infrastructure and attract investments in clean energy.