In the past half-century, various time-resolved experiments using X-rays have been performed at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world, and recently, ultrafast measurements using X-ray free electron laser have also been performed vigorously. In this chapter, we introduce several methods of time-resolved X-ray crystallography and describe the experiments conducted at the Japanese synchrotron radiation facility Photon Factory over the past two decades, mainly from the viewpoint of method development. First, time-resolved X-ray measurements of inorganic materials are introduced. Next, Laue diffraction methods using white to pink X-rays targeting macromolecules will be introduced. Finally, examples of time-resolved monochromatic X-ray crystallography targeting molecules of intermediate sizes, such as organic materials and metal-complex crystals, which will be of interest to many readers of this book, will be presented.