Traditional pavements are prone to cracking and structural deficiencies as a result of factors such as traffic loads, inadequate compaction, and poor bonding between layers. The integration of eco-sustainable techniques into pavement management systems can mitigate environmental impacts, preserve natural resources, and stimulates local economic development. Drawing inspiration from nature, self-healing mechanisms encompass in extrinsic method, that warrant further exploration. Cutting-edge research in the field of materials science focuses on innovative self-healing asphalt materials with intelligent functionalities, offering a promising avenue for constructing durable, environmentally friendly pavements while reducing maintenance costs and building upon the advancements made by previous scholars. This article outlines the advancements in self-healing research, elucidating the mechanisms involved of extrinsic modes of self-repair. The theories of surface energy, phase-field, capillary flow, and molecular diffusion provide insights into the mechanisms. Underlying asphalt self-healing from different perspectives. Extrinsic strategies for self-healing, such as thermal-induced and rejuvenator-induced healing, have been suggested to enhance the recovery of cracked areas, fatigue fractures, and overall material strength. Key insights for future research on the development of new self-healing asphalt materials are underscored.