Accelerating urbanization presents considerable issues, including urban sprawl, loss of habitat, and increased vulnerability to climate change and disasters, in the urban and peri-urban regions. The aforementioned challenges disproportionately impact the marginalized populace, exposing social inequalities. Strategic urban planning, integrated with Nature-based Solutions (NbS), can become essential to mitigate such risks. NbS, generally utilize natural ecosystems to enhance climate resilience, biodiversity, and human well-being, and thereby have emerged as a viable strategy for addressing urban environmental issues. These solutions can alleviate climate challenges, facilitate ecosystem restoration, and improve urban livability for the inhabitants by offering multifunctional benefits. Nonetheless, the execution of strategies encounters challenges like inadequate funds, governance issues, spatial limitations, and the potential for gentrification. Overcoming these obstacles necessitates participatory governance, creative and efficient financial mechanisms, and a transition to adaptable urban planning that incorporates both green and the existing grey infrastructure in a given region. NbS can markedly improve urban resilience and sustainability when effectively integrated into urban planning frameworks, guaranteeing equitable benefit distribution and fostering social equity while meeting the requirements of vulnerable populations.