Nature provides a plethora of medicinal plants that act as biological factories of diverse groups of metabolites, which include alkaloids. One of the well-known and earliest reported classes of natural secondary metabolites belongs to alkaloids, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with diverse biological and pharmacologically active, especially neurological disorders. The alkaloids major source is Solanaceae, a botanical family with many subgroups. Tropane alkaloids have been well studied and applied in many pharmacological processes and used in preparing applicable therapeutic entities. As parasympatholytics that competitively inhibit acetylcholine, tropane alkaloids are helpful. These alkaloids are based on the tropane moiety’s bicyclic ring, and most are ester derivatives substituted on the atom C-3 of the tropane ring. The present revision focuses on the chemistry of tropane alkaloids and their possible plant resources, especially from botanical families such as Solanaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Convolvulaceae, etc., which will be helpful to the scientific world to take up further studies and develop nontoxic and safe medicaments.