The ensiling microbial network plays a central role in the fermentation process of silage, and the dynamic changes and interactions between microorganisms directly determine the fermentation quality and feed stability. During ensiling, the fermentation network led by lactic acid bacteria rapidly reduces pH through metabolic coordination and inhibits the growth of undesirable microorganisms. However, potentially competitive microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and clostridia may disturb the balance of microbial networks and lead to abnormal fermentation. The structure of microbial community network is affected by the regulation of material characteristics, environmental conditions, and exogenous additives such as lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and the functional correlation and metabolic pathways among different microorganisms constitute a complex ecological network. The relationship between microbial network and fermentation quality was analyzed by multi-omics technique, which provided a new perspective for precise regulation of microbial community. This not only helps to optimize the silage process and improve feed quality but also lays a theoretical foundation for the in-depth study of fermentation micro ecology.