Grassland-based livestock production systems in Europe have evolved based on local conditions which vary significantly across the continent. To ensure year-round feeding in all European regions, preserving forage is essential, with ensiling being the predominant method used for grass preservation. In recent years, maize cultivation has experienced rapid growth, and maize silage has become an integral component of most dairy cow diets in Europe. Advances in plant breeding and climate change have contributed to the expansion of maize cultivation towards northern latitudes. In addition to forages, ensiling is also utilized to stabilize moist cereal grains and various food industry by-products. Forage plants are efficient at utilizing solar radiation and nutrients, leading to the incorporation of ensiled maize and grass in biogas production. In some areas, this shift has created competition for biomass between energy production and the food supply chain. The science and technology behind silage-making continue to evolve, driven by the increasing demands for sustainable intensification, which includes reducing the environmental impact of livestock production, addressing economic pressures, and ensuring food safety and security. Additionally, farm sizes are steadily increasing across Europe, enabling greater use of advanced technology and investments in silage production.