Heat and drought stress significantly impact crop productivity, leading to potential dramatic yield losses. The gradual global temperature increase, coupled with prolonged durations of heat stress, poses a considerable threat to agricultural sustainability and productivity worldwide. To address these challenges, agroforestry emerges as a promising solution to enhance the resilience of agriculture, particularly in drought or water-deficit situations. In arid and semiarid areas, farmers have traditionally adopted agroforestry to mitigate the impact of climate-related challenges. Agroforestry systems incorporating Prosopis cineraria and Acacia senegal have traditionally proven effective in enhancing crop yields under heat stress conditions in arid regions of India and Africa. The diversification of conventional mono-crop-based agriculture with woody perennials is a key strategy. This practice not only enhances soil health but also improves soil moisture retention, reduces crops’ evaporative demand and soil temperature, provides shade and windbreaks, and buffers extreme temperature. The numerous benefits of integrating trees into agricultural systems contribute significantly during drought years by boosting food grain production, providing fodder for livestock, offering alternative food sources for farmers, and generating timber for sale. Despite the evident advantages of agroforestry in managing heat and draught hazards, its widespread adoption faces constraints. These constraints need to be explored and addressed to polarize agroforestry among farmers. This chapter emphasizes the significance of employing tree-based systems to enhance the resilience of fragile agriculture in the face of these challenges.