Cereals are crucial for global food security, providing essential calories and proteins to a large segment of the global population and serving as key livestock feed. Additionally, cereals are integral to various industrial applications, including biofuels, paper, and pharmaceuticals, playing important role in economic and societal importance across the globe. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, and waterlogging severely impact cereal crops, leading to substantial yield reductions and also grain quality including nutrient composition. These stresses disrupt vital physiological processes like photosynthesis and nutrient uptake, directly affecting plant growth and productivity. Effectively managing these stresses is crucial for sustaining cereal crop yields and ensuring global food security. This chapter is vital for developing effective strategies to manage abiotic stresses in cereal crops, offering a dual perspective highlighting the impacts of these stresses and agronomic and genetic interventions to reduce impacts posed by different stresses. Importantly, the chapter provides a detailed exploration of adaptive mechanisms and resilience traits in cereals, informing breeding programs and agronomic practices designed to enhance stress tolerance. By synthesizing cutting-edge research and practical management techniques, the chapter equips researchers, farmers, and policymakers with the knowledge needed to implement sustainable solutions that can mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses, ultimately contributing to global food security.