This chapter delves into the religious beliefs and practices of prehistoric societies, with a focus on ancestor worship, nature worship, fertility worship, and their associated aesthetics. The chapter highlights the central role of shamanism, rituals, and spiritual connection in bridging the human and divine realms. Ancestral worship, deeply rooted in emotional ties to ancestors, served as the foundation of Chinese spiritual and aesthetic traditions, while nature worship—especially of celestial bodies, animals, and plants—stems from animistic beliefs. Fertility worship is explored through the symbolism of artistic artifacts, emphasizing the human desire for continuity and survival in harsh environments. Additionally, primitive rituals, altars, and temple practices are discussed, illustrating early steps toward societal organization and cultural development. This chapter underscores the intertwining of spirituality and primitive aesthetics that shaped early Chinese civilization.