This chapter examines the connection between prehistoric aesthetics and the development of Chinese civilization, exploring how early artistic, cultural, and agricultural practices laid the foundation for Chinese cultural identity. The chapter begins by discussing the awakening of humanity from animality, depicting how prehistoric people developed aesthetic consciousness by appreciating their struggles, creating artifacts, and using art to express emotions. Agriculture significantly transformed both production modes and aesthetic sensibilities, as prehistoric cultures integrated celestial and natural motifs into pottery and jade artifacts, illustrating humanity’s connection to the natural world and divine entities. The universality of aesthetic forms, such as the use of agricultural symbols, highlights shared developments across regions. The chapter concludes by addressing the concepts of yin and yang, their philosophical origins in prehistoric thought, and their lasting influence on the Chinese worldview.