Environmental pollution and climate change are two of the most pressing challenges humanity and other life forms face. They pose significant threats to health, ecosystems, and the overall sustainability of the planet. Unbelievable, but factually, nine million people die prematurely each year due to air pollution; 80% of wastewater globally is released into the environment without adequate treatment; eight million tons of plastic waste enter the oceans annually; one in four deaths worldwide are linked to environmental pollution. Other eye-openers are that global temperature is projected to rise by 1.5 °C by 2030 and 3.2 °C by 2100; sea levels are expected to rise by 26 cm by 2050 and 82 cm by 2100; climate change could lead to a 10% decline in global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2100; and that 143 million people could be displaced due to climate change by 2050. This chapter outlines a strategic conservation plan aimed at mitigating these risks. This chapter begins by providing a comprehensive overview of the various pollutants and their detrimental effects. It then peeps into the complexities of climate change linked to these and other processes, including its causes, consequences, and future predictions. This chapter’s core focuses on developing a strategic conservation plan. This plan outlines a multipronged approach encompassing (i) Pollution Control and Remediation Strategies, which explores various methods for reducing pollution at its source (prevention) and cleaning up existing contamination (remediation) across different environmental domains (air, water, land). (ii) Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies, which addresses strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change, along with adaptation strategies to build resilience in ecosystems and human societies. Beyond the conventional command and control strategies, this chapter emphasizes the importance of public awareness, education, and policy reforms in achieving successful environmental conservation. It highlights the need for international collaboration and a collective global effort toward a sustainable future. Given that pollution and climate change are the major impactors to productivity multifacetedly, this chapter highlights the measures and initiatives toward realizing the UN Sustainable Development Goals.