Every day, pollution levels in the environment rise due to the increase in the number of people and industrialization. To abate the presence of contaminants in the environment, bacterial bioremediation is a low-cost process that removes contaminants by utilizing bacterial metabolism. The different types of bioremediation processes include bioaugmentation (introduction of a sustainable population artificially), biostimulation (promoting the survival of a viable native microbial population), biosorption (microbiological biomass that has died), bioaccumulation (live cells), and rhizoremediation (interaction between phytoremediation (plants) and microbes). In recent years, rapid advancements have helped humanity in its knowledge of the bioremediation process. The application of molecular techniques that are not dependent on culture has aided us in comprehending the mechanics and dynamics of microbial community structure in bioremediation. This has undoubtedly aided humanity in making bioremediation safer and more reliable.