Interlayer delamination in concrete under overload conditions poses a significant threat to the safety and durability of critical infrastructure, including bridges, buildings, and railway tracks. This review examines the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, which occurs due to excessive static, dynamic, or cyclic loads, leading to the separation of bonded layers and the propagation of cracks at weak interfaces. Although theoretical models, such as the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM), offer valuable insights into the onset of delamination by assessing interfacial stresses, displacements, and fracture energy, they require further refinement, comparison, and evaluation to fully capture the complexities of real-world scenarios, including environmental variability and diverse loading conditions. This paper critically evaluates existing models and discusses potential refinements to better incorporate a broader range of factors influencing delamination. It evaluates the effectiveness of various modeling approaches in predicting crack initiation and growth, suggesting enhancements to improve their precision and applicability across different contexts. The review emphasizes the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of interlayer delamination mechanisms, which serves as a foundation for structural evaluation and maintenance. This review highlights the importance of advancing research to refine predictive models and develop more effective mitigation strategies, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the resilience and extending the service life of concrete infrastructure under overload conditions.