Environmental Kuznets Curve in Pacific Nations: Ict and Renewable Dynamics
摘要
Information and Communications Technology has become the main driver for growth generation in the economies of East Asia and the Pacific. Besides, the uneven distribution of ICT along with renewable energy, resource rents, and urbanization threatens environmental sustainability. The study collected data from 1990 to 2023 of ten East Asia and Pacific developing economies. The main findings advantages to the study by achieving the EKC hypothesis. Based on panel FMOLS & DOLS estimation the findings economic growth enhances CO2 emission and squared term growth reduces CO2 emission; therefore, the inverted U shape of EKC has been ascertained in the long run. A pure form of energy, renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions and mitigates environmental deterioration, while resource rents weaken environmental sustainability. Moreover, urbanization and ICT deteriorate environmental sustainability by surging CO2 emissions. The overall findings showed the devastating influences of indicators that hurt environmental sustainability. Policymakers should revitalize the natural resources and utilization of renewable energies for a clean environment. The distribution of natural resources in a more sustainable way and the tapping of deeper renewable resources is needed for urbanization. Along with that, ICT infrastructure development based on an innovative instructional ICT approach and green ICT should be implemented for environmental efficiency.