A 2-day-old male infant was referred to our hospital due to shortness of breath. Echocardiography indicated an arteriovenous duct aneurysm and severe left pulmonary artery compression. An emergency arteriovenous duct aneurysm resection under general anesthesia was planned. Preoperative transfer and anesthesia induction risks in such patients are very high. Therefore, the surgeon team should be present during the transfer and anesthesia induction process. Adequate sedation and analgesia, immobilization, and sufficient depth of anesthesia are required during the perioperative period. In addition, the site of arterial catheterization must be matched with the surgical plan, so that the surgical efficacy can be timely and effectively assessed.