Considering India’s agricultural trade landscape and the import–export dynamics, it is undergoing a comprehensive transformation. This research highlights the growth drivers in India’s agricultural exports and imports through data analyzed from agri-exchange platforms. The use of ARIMA and linear regression showcases India’s reliance on certain agricultural imports and its position as a global exporter with versatile diversification. The study has examined an overview of the trend of imports and explored their impact on domestic production, and ascertained the export strategy. The challenges Indian farmers and traders face in market fluctuations and changing policies are highlighted to recommend practical ways forward for stakeholders. Such insights inform strategies to make Indian agriculture more resilient and competitive globally. Hence, the study contributes to the understanding of agricultural trade dynamics and guides future policy-making and stakeholder decisions to shape the sector’s sustainable growth.